The most important component of vaping is the vape liquid, also known as e-liquid — a specially formulated mixture that transforms into flavored vapor when heated in the device.
Although there are dozens of flavors and brands available on the market today, all e-liquids are based on four fundamental ingredients. Understanding these ingredients in depth allows users to choose an e-liquid that best suits their vaping preferences and ensures a more enjoyable experience.
What is e-liquid and what is it made of?
Vape liquid typically contains three to four main ingredients: propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), flavorings, and, in most cases, nicotine. The combination of PG and VG makes up about 90% of the liquid and serves as the base in which the other components are dissolved.
- Propylene Glycol (PG): A colorless, thin, and nearly odorless synthetic liquid responsible for flavor intensity. Its chemical structure makes it an excellent solvent for flavors and nicotine. E-liquids with a higher proportion of PG have a more pronounced taste and deliver a stronger “throat hit.”
- Vegetable Glycerin (VG): A natural liquid derived from plant oils, such as palm or soy. Unlike PG, VG is slightly sweet and much thicker. Its main role in e-liquid is vapor production — the higher the VG proportion, the denser and more voluminous the vapor.
- Flavorings: Present in smaller amounts but crucial for defining the final taste. E-liquids are available in a wide variety of flavors, from classic tobacco and menthol to sweet desserts and exotic fruit blends.
- Nicotine: A key ingredient for many users, available in two main forms: freebase nicotine and nicotine salts, each providing different sensations. Freebase nicotine is generally stronger, giving a harsher throat hit and slower absorption. Nicotine salts are smoother even at higher concentrations and absorb more quickly, effectively satisfying cigarette cravings. Unlike the other three ingredients, nicotine is not essential — nicotine-free e-liquids are available, allowing users to add nicotine themselves if desired.
Roles of each component: flavor, vapor, and sensations
Each ingredient plays a unique role. PG delivers clear flavor and creates the “throat hit,” simulating the sensation of smoking a traditional cigarette — an important feature for those transitioning from smoking to vaping.
VG produces thick, voluminous, visually impressive vapor. VG-dominant liquids provide a smoother, softer sensation in the throat compared to PG-heavy liquids.
Flavorings should be high-quality and specifically formulated for inhalation. Good-quality e-liquids do not contain harmful substances like diacetyl.
Choosing the right e-liquid for your vape
Selecting the ideal e-liquid depends on your device type and personal preference. The main factor to consider is the PG/VG ratio, which determines liquid thickness, flavor intensity, and vapor production. Using an incorrect ratio can damage the cartridge, coil, or cause leakage, leading to an unpleasant experience.
High PG liquids (e.g., 70/30 PG/VG): Thinner, strong flavor, and pronounced throat hit. Ideal for low-power devices like pod systems and starter vapes designed for MTL (mouth-to-lung) vaping.
50/50 liquids: Balanced for flavor, vapor, and throat hit. Compatible with a wide range of devices and perfect for beginners who are undecided whether they prioritize taste or vapor.
High VG liquids (e.g., 70/30 VG/PG): Thicker, designed for large vapor production, with milder flavor and smooth throat hit. Used in high-power, sub-ohm, refillable vapes with large tanks and strong coils, ideal for long, intensive sessions.
Each ingredient in e-liquid has a distinct role: PG affects flavor and throat hit, VG determines vapor density and smoothness, flavorings define taste variety, and nicotine provides the desired
